如何去掉GRPO的长度bias？Sea AI Lab提出全新优化方法，有效提升令牌效率和推理性能

鍦ㄥぇ瑙勬ā璇�█妯″瀷锛圠LM锛夌殑璁�粌杩囩▼涓�紝寮哄寲瀛︿範锛圧L锛夊凡琚�瘉鏄庤兘澶熷湪娌℃湁鐩戠潱寰�皟鐨勬儏鍐典笅鐩存帴澧炲己妯″瀷鐨勬帹鐞嗚兘鍔涖€侱eepSeek-R1-Zero 鐨勬彁鍑猴紝绐佺牬浜嗕紶缁熺殑璁�粌鏂瑰紡锛岄€氳繃寮曞叆 R1-Zero-like 璁�粌鑼冨紡锛屽睍绀轰簡寮哄寲瀛︿範鍦ㄦ彁鍗� LLM 鎺ㄧ悊鑳藉姏涓�殑宸ㄥぇ娼滃姏銆�

鐒惰€岋紝杩欑�鏂板叴鐨勮�缁冩柟娉曞湪瀹炶返涓�粛闈�复鐫€涓€浜涙寫鎴橈紝鍖呮嫭濡備綍閫夋嫨鍚堥€傜殑鍩虹�妯″瀷鍜屼紭鍖栫瓥鐣ャ€傛湰鏂囨棬鍦ㄥ� R1-Zero-like 璁�粌杩涜�娣卞叆鍒嗘瀽锛岄€氳繃鐮旂┒鍩虹�妯″瀷鍜屽己鍖栧�涔犺繖涓や釜鏍稿績缁勬垚閮ㄥ垎锛屾帰绱㈠�浣曚紭鍖栬�缁冭繃绋嬶紝娑堥櫎娼滃湪鐨勪紭鍖栧亸宸�紝骞惰繘涓€姝ユ彁鍗囨帹鐞嗘€ц兘銆�

鏂囩珷鐨勪富瑕佽础鐚�寘鎷�細

• 鍩虹�妯″瀷鍒嗘瀽锛�鐮旂┒浜嗕笉鍚屽熀纭€妯″瀷鐨勮〃鐜帮紝鐗瑰埆鏄� Qwen2.5 绯诲垪妯″瀷鍜� DeepSeek-V3-Base 妯″瀷锛屽垎鏋愪簡棰勮�缁冪壒寰佸�浣曞奖鍝嶅己鍖栧�涔犳€ц兘銆傚彂鐜� Qwen2.5 妯″瀷鏃犻渶鎻愮ず妯℃澘涔熻兘灞曠ず鍑哄己澶х殑鎺ㄧ悊鑳藉姏銆�

• 浼樺寲鏂规硶鏀硅繘锛�鍙戠幇浜� GRPO锛圙roup Relative Policy Optimization锛変紭鍖栨柟娉曚腑瀛樺湪鐨勫亸宸�紝璇ュ亸宸�細瀵艰嚧妯″瀷鐢熸垚杩囬暱鐨勯敊璇�洖绛斻€備负姝わ紝鎻愬嚭浜� Dr. GRPO 浼樺寲鏂规硶锛屾秷闄や簡璇ュ亸宸�紝骞舵彁鍗囦簡浠ょ墝鏁堢巼銆�

• 鎻愬嚭绠€鍖栫増 R1-Zero 璁�粌鏂规�锛�閫氳繃浼樺寲鍚庣殑 Dr. GRPO 绠楁硶锛屾垚鍔熷湴鎻愬崌浜� Qwen2.5-Math-7B 妯″瀷鍦ㄦ暟瀛﹂棶棰樹笂鐨勮〃鐜帮紝杈惧埌浜嗘渶鏂扮殑鏈€浼樻€ц兘锛屽苟灞曠ず浜嗚�缁冮珮鏁堟€с€�

鍩虹�妯″瀷鍒嗘瀽锛�鐮旂┒浜嗕笉鍚屽熀纭€妯″瀷鐨勮〃鐜帮紝鐗瑰埆鏄� Qwen2.5 绯诲垪妯″瀷鍜� DeepSeek-V3-Base 妯″瀷锛屽垎鏋愪簡棰勮�缁冪壒寰佸�浣曞奖鍝嶅己鍖栧�涔犳€ц兘銆傚彂鐜� Qwen2.5 妯″瀷鏃犻渶鎻愮ず妯℃澘涔熻兘灞曠ず鍑哄己澶х殑鎺ㄧ悊鑳藉姏銆�

浼樺寲鏂规硶鏀硅繘锛�鍙戠幇浜� GRPO锛圙roup Relative Policy Optimization锛変紭鍖栨柟娉曚腑瀛樺湪鐨勫亸宸�紝璇ュ亸宸�細瀵艰嚧妯″瀷鐢熸垚杩囬暱鐨勯敊璇�洖绛斻€備负姝わ紝鎻愬嚭浜� Dr. GRPO 浼樺寲鏂规硶锛屾秷闄や簡璇ュ亸宸�紝骞舵彁鍗囦簡浠ょ墝鏁堢巼銆�

鎻愬嚭绠€鍖栫増 R1-Zero 璁�粌鏂规�锛�閫氳繃浼樺寲鍚庣殑 Dr. GRPO 绠楁硶锛屾垚鍔熷湴鎻愬崌浜� Qwen2.5-Math-7B 妯″瀷鍦ㄦ暟瀛﹂棶棰樹笂鐨勮〃鐜帮紝杈惧埌浜嗘渶鏂扮殑鏈€浼樻€ц兘锛屽苟灞曠ず浜嗚�缁冮珮鏁堟€с€�

閫氳繃杩欎簺璐＄尞锛岀爺绌朵汉鍛樺睍绀轰簡濡備綍閫氳繃鏀硅繘妯″瀷浼樺寲鍜屽熀纭€妯″瀷鐨勯€夋嫨锛屽疄鐜版洿楂樻晥銆佹洿寮哄ぇ鐨勬帹鐞嗚兘鍔涙彁鍗囥€�

鐮旂┒娑电洊浜� Qwen2.5-Math 绯诲垪銆丩lama-3.1銆丏eepSeek-Math銆丏eepSeek-V3-Base 绛夊�涓�熀纭€妯″瀷锛屽苟娴嬭瘯浜嗗畠浠�湪 500 閬� MATH 璁�粌闆嗛棶棰樹笂鐨勫洖绛旇兘鍔涖€�

瀹為獙棣栧厛閲囩敤鏃犳ā鏉跨殑鏂瑰紡杩涜�娴嬭瘯锛岀劧鍚庝娇鐢� R1 妯℃澘鍜� Qwen-Math 妯℃澘锛屽苟閫氳繃 GPT-4o-mini 鍒ゆ柇妯″瀷鐨勫洖绛旀槸鍚︿负闂�瓟鏍煎紡锛屾渶鍚庤瘎浼版ā鍨嬪湪涓嶅悓妯℃澘涓嬬殑 Pass@8 鍑嗙‘鐜囥€�

鈥淎ha 鏃跺埢鈥濇槸鎸囨ā鍨嬪湪寮哄寲瀛︿範杩囩▼涓��浼氳嚜鎴戝弽鎬濈瓑鑳藉姏銆傚湪 DeepSeek-R1-Zero 瀹為獙涓�紝妯″瀷鍦� RL 璁�粌鍚庡睍鐜颁簡鑷�垜鍙嶆€濊�涓恒€�

鐮旂┒杩涗竴姝ラ獙璇佷簡 DeepSeek-V3-Base 妯″瀷锛屽彂鐜板叾鍦ㄥ洖绛� MATH 闂��鏃朵篃琛ㄧ幇鍑轰簡绫讳技鐨勮嚜鎴戝弽鎬濊�涓猴紝濡傜敓鎴� 鈥淎ha鈥� 鎴� 鈥渨ait鈥� 绛夊叧閿�瘝銆�

铏界劧杩欎簺琛屼负鍦ㄥ己鍖栧�涔犱箣鍓嶅氨宸叉樉鐜帮紝浣嗗畠浠�湪鍚庣画鐨� RL 璁�粌涓�緱鍒颁簡杩涗竴姝ュ�寮恒€傚€煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸锛屽敖绠″嚭鐜颁簡鑷�垜鍙嶆€濊�涓猴紝浣嗗苟娌℃湁鏄庣‘璇佹嵁琛ㄦ槑杩欎簺琛屼负鐩存帴鎻愬崌浜嗗噯纭�€с€�

1.3 鏈夎叮鐨勫疄楠屽彂鐜�

妯℃澘瀵规ā鍨嬭〃鐜扮殑褰卞搷锛欴eepSeek 鍜� Llama 妯″瀷浣跨敤 R1 妯℃澘鍚庯紝闂�瓟鑳藉姏鏄捐憲鎻愬崌锛岃€� Qwen2.5 妯″瀷鍦ㄦ病鏈夋ā鏉跨殑鎯呭喌涓嬭〃鐜板嚭鏈€濂界殑鎬ц兘銆傚挨鍏舵槸 Qwen2.5 妯″瀷锛屽幓鎺夋ā鏉垮悗鍦ㄥ�涓�熀鍑嗕换鍔′笂鐨勮〃鐜版彁鍗囦簡绾� 60%銆�

Qwen2.5 妯″瀷鐨勯�璁�粌褰卞搷锛歈wen2.5 妯″瀷鐨勮〃鐜版彁绀哄畠浠�彲鑳藉凡缁忓湪棰勮�缁冭繃绋嬩腑浣跨敤浜嗛棶棰�-绛旀�瀵圭殑鏂囨湰锛岃繖浣垮緱瀹冧滑鍦ㄥ幓闄ゆā鏉跨殑鎯呭喌涓嬩粛鐒惰兘澶熷緢鑷�劧鍦拌繘琛岄棶绛斻€�

鑷�垜鍙嶆€濊�涓虹殑鍑虹幇锛欴eepSeek-V3-Base 妯″瀷鍦ㄥ洖绛旈棶棰樻椂宸茬粡琛ㄧ幇鍑轰簡 鈥淎ha 鏃跺埢鈥濓紝鍗冲湪鎬濊€冭繃绋嬩腑閫氳繃鑷�垜鍙嶆€濅笉鏂�皟鏁寸瓟妗堛€傚敖绠¤繖浜涜�涓哄嚭鐜板湪 RL 璁�粌涔嬪墠锛屼絾瀹冧滑瀵规渶缁堢殑鎺ㄧ悊鑳藉姏浠嶆湁涓€瀹氱殑鎻愬崌浣滅敤銆�

杩欎簺鍙戠幇鎻愪緵浜嗗�鍩虹�妯″瀷鍦� R1-Zero-like 璁�粌涓�殑浣滅敤浠ュ強寮哄寲瀛︿範濡備綍鎻愬崌妯″瀷鎺ㄧ悊鑳藉姏鐨勬柊瑙佽В銆�

瑙ｅ喅 GRPO 鐨勯暱搴﹀亸宸�棶棰�

2.1 GRPO 寮曞叆浜嗗亸瑙佷紭鍖�

鍦� DeepSeek-R1-Zero 瀹為獙涓�紝妯″瀷鐨勮緭鍑洪暱搴﹂殢鐫€璁�粌鐨勮繘琛屼笉鏂��鍔狅紝杩欓€氬父琚�В閲婁负鎺ㄧ悊鑳藉姏锛堝�鑷�垜鍙嶆€濓級鐨勫彂灞曘€傝�澶氱爺绌跺�鍒朵簡杩欎竴鐜拌薄锛屼絾鏈�爺绌惰�涓猴紝鍝嶅簲闀垮害鐨勫�鍔犲彲鑳戒篃涓� GRPO锛圙roup Relative Policy Optimization锛夌洰鏍囧嚱鏁颁腑鐨勫亸宸�湁鍏炽€�

GRPO 鐨勭洰鏍囧嚱鏁颁腑寮曞叆浜嗕袱涓�富瑕佺殑鍋忚�锛�

鍝嶅簲绾у埆鐨勯暱搴﹀亸瑙�锛欸RPO 閫氳繃闄や互鍝嶅簲闀垮害 |oi|鏉ヨ�绠椾紭鍔裤€傚�浜庢�浼樺娍锛堝嵆姝ｇ‘鍝嶅簲锛夛紝杩欎竴鍋忚�瀵艰嚧杈冪煭鐨勫搷搴旇幏寰楄緝澶х殑姊�害鏇存柊锛屼粠鑰屼娇绛栫暐鏇村€惧悜浜庣畝鐭�殑姝ｇ‘鍥炵瓟锛涚浉鍙嶏紝瀵逛簬璐熶紭鍔匡紙鍗抽敊璇�搷搴旓級锛岃緝闀跨殑鍝嶅簲鍥犲叾杈冨ぇ鐨� |oi|鑰屽彈鍒拌緝灏忕殑鎯╃綒锛屼娇寰楃瓥鐣ュ€惧悜浜庨€夋嫨杈冮暱鐨勯敊璇�搷搴斻€�

闂��绾у埆鐨勯毦搴﹀亸瑙�锛欸RPO 閫氳繃鏍囧噯宸�綊涓€鍖栨潵璋冩暣涓嶅悓闂��鐨勫�鍔憋紝浠庤€屽�鏍囧噯宸�緝浣庣殑闂��璧嬩簣鏇撮珮鐨勬潈閲嶃€傝繖绉嶅綊涓€鍖栨柟寮忓彲鑳藉�鑷翠笉鍚岄棶棰樼殑绛栫暐鏇存柊鏉冮噸涓嶅潎锛屼粠鑰屽奖鍝嶄紭鍖栨晥鏋溿€�

2.2 Dr. GRPO锛氫紭鍖栨柟娉曠殑鏀硅繘

涓轰簡閬垮厤 GRPO 涓�殑浼樺寲鍋忓樊锛屾彁鍑轰簡 Dr. GRPO锛圙roup Relative Policy Optimization Done Right锛夛紝璇ユ柟娉曢€氳繃绠€鍗曠殑淇�敼鍘婚櫎浜� |oi|鍜屾爣鍑嗗樊褰掍竴鍖栭」銆傚湪 Dr. GRPO 涓�紝浣跨敤甯搁噺鍊硷紙濡傜敓鎴愰�绠楋級鏇夸唬鍘熸潵鍩轰簬 mask.sum(axis=dim)鐨勫綊涓€鍖栨柟寮忥紝浠庤€屼娇浼樺寲鐩�爣鏇村姞鍏�钩骞剁�鍚堟棤鍋忎紭鍖栥€�

Dr. GRPO 鐨勪紭鍖栬繃绋嬫仮澶嶄簡浼犵粺 PPO锛圥roximal Policy Optimization锛夌洰鏍囧嚱鏁帮紝骞堕噰鐢ㄨ挋鐗瑰崱娲涘洖鎶ヤ及璁℃棤鍋忓熀鍑嗐€傚疄楠岄獙璇佷簡 Dr. GRPO 鐩歌緝浜庝紶缁� GRPO 鐨勬湁鏁堟€э紝璇佹槑鍏惰兘澶熸湁鏁堥伩鍏嶅搷搴旈暱搴﹀亸宸�紝骞舵樉钁楁彁楂樹护鐗屾晥鐜囥€�

2.3 瀹為獙閮ㄥ垎鏈夎叮鐨勫彂鐜�

2.3.1 鍙戠幇1锛欸RPO 鍦ㄨ�缁冭繃绋嬩腑瀵艰嚧鍝嶅簲闀垮害澧炲姞

瀹為獙鏄剧ず锛屽敖绠� GRPO 鍜� Dr. GRPO 鍦ㄨ�缁冨垵鏈熸湁鐩镐技鐨勮�缁冭秼鍔匡紝浣� GRPO 妯″瀷鍦ㄥ�鍔辨彁鍗囨斁缂撴椂锛屽搷搴旈暱搴︿粛鐒朵笉鏂��鍔犮€傝繖绉嶇幇璞￠€氬父琚��涓烘槸閫氳繃 RL 璁�粌鐢熸垚闀块摼鎺ㄧ悊锛圠ong-CoT锛夌殑缁撴灉銆傜劧鑰岋紝浣滆€呮寚鍑猴紝杩欑�鐜拌薄涔熷彲鑳藉彈鍒板搷搴旈暱搴﹀亸宸�殑褰卞搷銆�

妯℃澘瀵瑰垵濮嬬瓥鐣ョ殑褰卞搷锛氭ā鏉跨殑閫夋嫨褰卞搷鍒濆�绛栫暐鐨勮〃鐜帮紝浣� RL 璁�粌鍚庯紝鍚勭�妯℃澘鐨勭瓥鐣ユ渶缁堜細鏀舵暃鍒扮被浼肩殑鎬ц兘姘村钩锛堢害 40% 鐨勫噯纭�巼锛夛紝鍓嶆彁鏄�棶棰橀泦鍚堥€傘€�

闂��闆嗗� RL 鍔ㄦ€佺殑褰卞搷锛氫娇鐢� R1 妯℃澘鏃讹紝闂��闆嗙殑瑕嗙洊搴︽樉钁楀奖鍝峈L鍔ㄦ€侊紝瑕嗙洊鑼冨洿杈冪獎鐨勯棶棰橀泦瀵艰嚧杈冧綆鐨勬渶缁堣〃鐜般€傜浉姣斾箣涓嬶紝Qwen-Math 妯℃澘鍒欐樉绀哄嚭鍦� GSM-8K 闂��闆嗕笂鍙栧緱浜嗘渶浣虫€ц兘锛岃繖琛ㄦ槑璁�粌杈冪畝鍗曠殑闂��闆嗗彲浠ユ樉钁楁彁楂樺湪鏇撮毦闂��涓婄殑娴嬭瘯鍑嗙‘鎬э紝鍑犱箮灏嗗叾鎻愬崌浜嗕竴鍊嶃€�

Qwen2.5 妯″瀷鐨勫垵濮嬭兘鍔�锛歈wen2.5-Math-1.5B 鍩虹�妯″瀷鏈�韩宸茬粡鍏峰�杈冨己鐨勬暟瀛﹁В鍐宠兘鍔涳紝搴旂敤妯℃澘鍙嶈€屼細鍦� RL 鍓嶇牬鍧忓叾鑳藉姏锛岃〃鏄庢垜浠�湪璋堣�绾� RL 璁�粌鎵€甯︽潵鐨勫法澶ф彁鍗囨椂搴旀洿涓鸿皑鎱庛€�

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